How to analyze imidazolium ionic liquids in environmental samples

I&EC 137

P. Stepnowski, sox@chem.univ.gda.pl, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-952, Poland
Development of new analytical methods for the rapid and reproducible separation and identification of ionic liquids is a prerequisite for future biological and environmental research into them. These methods are also necessary to assess the purity of ionic liquids as well as to determine the type and nature of impurities present in technical chemicals. Recently our group has delivered several instrumental methods that are now ready to apply to natural samples. The separation of selected 1-alkyl- and 1-aryl-3-methylimidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquid cations has been performed using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass detection We have also used capillary electrophoresis for resolving selected imidazolium ionic liquid cations in standard mixtures. In order to validate the method's applicability, samples obtained during a photodegradation experiment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate were tested. Nevertheless, when applied to environmental samples, all these methods are significantly limited by their low sensitivity. It can be substantially improved by performing a pre-concentration step. In this contribution we have described a selective method for the clean-up and pre-concentration of ionic liquid cations from environmental water samples using cation-exchange solid phase extraction followed by selective elution.