Synthesis of substituted 5, 6, and 7-azaindoles: Highly functionalizable templates for chemical diversity

ORGN 141

Patrick Roy1, Claude Dufresne1, Nicolas Lachance2, Jean-Philippe Leclerc2, Michel Boisvert2, Zhaoyin Wang2, and Yves Leblanc1. (1) Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Frosst Canada Inc, P.O. Box 1005, Pointe Claire - Dorval, QC H9R 4P8, Canada, (2) Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, QC H9H 3L1, Canada
Indoles are important heterocycles present in a wide variety of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Although the synthesis of 2-carboxy substituted indoles is well documented, relatively little has been published on the analogous azaindoles. The present study describes a facile and general synthesis of a series of substituted 5, 6, and 7-azaindoles via the Hemetsberger-Knittel reaction to provide a core structure which is isosteric to the analogous indoles, yet more electron deficient. The thermolysis reaction of the intermediate azidopyridine acrylate is tolerant of various solvents, and yields are good in most cases, especially for the 5- azaindoles. Higher temperatures are generally required compared to the formation of the indole analogues, and in some instances, it was found that only decomposition occured below a minimum threshold temperature. The resulting templates also offer up to 5 different sites for further functionalization.